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human duo set elisa kits  (R&D Systems)


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    R&D Systems human duo set elisa kits
    Characterization <t>of</t> <t>IL-1α</t> overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, <t>ELISA</t> and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "C-terminal interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) overexpression drives EMT and a vulnerability to ferroptosis in HNSCC"

    Article Title: C-terminal interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) overexpression drives EMT and a vulnerability to ferroptosis in HNSCC

    Journal: Redox Biology

    doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104172

    Characterization of IL-1α overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Characterization of IL-1α overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

    Techniques Used: Over Expression, Construct, Gene Expression, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Control

    IL-1α overexpression alters expression of IL-1 pathway genes. Gene expression of IL1B (A), IL6 (B), IL8 (C), IL1RN (D), IL1RAP (E) and IL1R1 (F) in the three IL1A constructs – Full-Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in Cal27 IL-1αoverexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-PCR using GAPDH as an endogenous control. Protein secretion of IL-1β (G), IL-6 (H), IL-8 (I), and IL1RA (J) in cell culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA with protein concentrations normalized to cell numbers. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for IL-1R1 expression by Western blot using GAPDH as a loading control (K). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments.∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: IL-1α overexpression alters expression of IL-1 pathway genes. Gene expression of IL1B (A), IL6 (B), IL8 (C), IL1RN (D), IL1RAP (E) and IL1R1 (F) in the three IL1A constructs – Full-Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in Cal27 IL-1αoverexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-PCR using GAPDH as an endogenous control. Protein secretion of IL-1β (G), IL-6 (H), IL-8 (I), and IL1RA (J) in cell culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA with protein concentrations normalized to cell numbers. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for IL-1R1 expression by Western blot using GAPDH as a loading control (K). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments.∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

    Techniques Used: Over Expression, Expressing, Gene Expression, Construct, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

    Related Articles

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: Selective JAK Inhibition Reveals Paradoxical and Hierarchical Control of interferon-γ-driven Autoimmunity in AIRE Deficiency
    Article Snippet: ELISA buffer consisted of PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween-20 and cOmpleteTM, Mini, EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (catalog no. 11836170001; Roche, USA). .. A DuoSet® ELISA kit (catalog no. DY492-05; R&D Systems, USA) was used to measure CXCL9 and a high-sensitivity ELISA kit was used for IFN-γ (catalog no. 88-8314-88; Invitrogen, USA). ..

    Article Title: Recombinant antimicrobial multidomain polypeptide, methods of producing and uses thereof
    Article Snippet: An infection was simulated in HT29 cells with LPS (1 μg/mL) and the antimicrobial effect of HD5 present in JAMF1 protein compared to HD5 synthetic peptide (Peptanova) and recombinant HD5 fused to GFP reporter (HD5GFP) protein was assessed at 0.1 μM for 24 h. The antimicrobial effect was here monitorized through the stimulation of IL-8 in HT29 cells, being IL-8 a chemokine responsible to recruit neutrophils and phagocytes that kill pathogen bacteria. .. For IL-8 quantification, supernatants were collected from cells and levels of IL-8 were determined using DuoSet ELISA kit (DY208, R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to manufacturer's instructions. .. Results and conclusions: This study compares (FIG. 11) the capacity of the domain HD5 included in the multidomain protein JAMF1 with the single domain HD5, either presented as a synthetic peptide (HD5, Peptanova) or fused with a non-functional carrier (GFP protein) (HD5GFP).

    Article Title: Spatiotemporal Atlas of Pro-Inflammatory (NF-κB) and Anti-Inflammatory (STAT6) Signalling Using Reporter Mice during mRNA Vaccination
    Article Snippet: Data acquisition was performed on a BD LSR Fortessa flow cytometer, and analysis was conducted using FlowJo software (Tree Star). .. The concentration of IL-12 in supernatants from BM-DCs was determined by ELISA using the Mouse IL-12/IL-23 p40 Allele-specific DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Cat. DY499) following the manufacturer’s instructions. .. Briefly, 96-well MaxiSorp microplates (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat. 442404) were coated overnight with capture antibody.

    Article Title: Defined culture conditions improve functional properties of mature iPSC-derived macrophages for therapeutic screening
    Article Snippet: .. The concentration of secreted IL-6 was determined with the DuoSet ELISA kit (DY206, R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. To determine the sensitivity of the various iPSC-Mac to the endotoxin LPS, 2.5 × 10 4 cells per well were seeded in a 96-well tissue culture plate and terminally differentiated with X-VIVO medium, X-VIVO medium supplemented with 100 ng/mL human lipopolysaccharide-binding protein ((LBP); Acro biosystems) or RPMI + FBS medium for 3 days.

    Article Title: Structure matters: commensal Phocaeicola vulgatus lipopolysaccharide induces attenuated microglial activation and preserves neuronal integrity
    Article Snippet: Cytokine levels (pg/mL) in BV2 and HMC3 supernatants were measured following E. coli or P. vulgatus LPS stimulation using the ultrasensitive ELLA-Simple Plex platform (Protein Simple, Bio-Techne, San José, CA, United States), with a commercially available microfluidic cartridge for mouse (ST01C-MP-004435) and for human (ST01A-PS-003229) IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α detection. .. IL-10 was quantified using DuoSet ELISA Kit (R&D systems, Abingdon, United Kingdom) for mouse (#DY417) and for human (#DY217B) for BV2 and HMC3 supernatants, respectively. ..

    Article Title: Defined culture conditions improve functional properties of mature iPSC-derived macrophages for therapeutic screening.
    Article Snippet: .. The concentration of secreted IL-6 was determined with the DuoSet ELISA kit (DY206, R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. Dose-escalation experiment of terminally differentiated iPSC-Mac with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide To determine the sensitivity of the various iPSC-Mac to the endotoxin LPS, 2.5 × 104 cells per well were seeded in a 96-well tissue culture plate and terminally differentiated with X-VIVO medium, X-VIVO medium supplemented with 100 ng/mL human lipopolysaccharide-binding protein ((LBP); Acro biosystems) or RPMI + FBS medium for 3 days.

    Article Title: Removal of volatile organic compounds by chemical filters significantly inhibited the development of atopic dermatitis symptoms in mice: Potential implications for air-conditioning systems in healthcare environments.
    Article Snippet: .. Briefly, LN single-cell suspensions (5 × 105 cells/well) were incubated with Dynabeads Mouse T-Activator CD3/CD28 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Kanagawa, Japan) for 24 or 96 h. Subsequently, the levels of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17 in the supernatants were quantified using ELISA (DuoSet ELISA Kit, R&D Systems). ..

    Article Title: Reduced plasma epidermal growth factor levels reflect poor glycaemic status in type 2 diabetes
    Article Snippet: The insulin levels were quantified using the Access Insulin Assay (Beckman Coulter, USA). .. EGF plasma levels were determined using the DuoSet ELISA kit (DY236, R&D Systems, UK). ..

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Spatiotemporal Atlas of Pro-Inflammatory (NF-κB) and Anti-Inflammatory (STAT6) Signalling Using Reporter Mice during mRNA Vaccination
    Article Snippet: Data acquisition was performed on a BD LSR Fortessa flow cytometer, and analysis was conducted using FlowJo software (Tree Star). .. The concentration of IL-12 in supernatants from BM-DCs was determined by ELISA using the Mouse IL-12/IL-23 p40 Allele-specific DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Cat. DY499) following the manufacturer’s instructions. .. Briefly, 96-well MaxiSorp microplates (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat. 442404) were coated overnight with capture antibody.

    Article Title: Defined culture conditions improve functional properties of mature iPSC-derived macrophages for therapeutic screening
    Article Snippet: .. The concentration of secreted IL-6 was determined with the DuoSet ELISA kit (DY206, R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. To determine the sensitivity of the various iPSC-Mac to the endotoxin LPS, 2.5 × 10 4 cells per well were seeded in a 96-well tissue culture plate and terminally differentiated with X-VIVO medium, X-VIVO medium supplemented with 100 ng/mL human lipopolysaccharide-binding protein ((LBP); Acro biosystems) or RPMI + FBS medium for 3 days.

    Article Title: Defined culture conditions improve functional properties of mature iPSC-derived macrophages for therapeutic screening.
    Article Snippet: .. The concentration of secreted IL-6 was determined with the DuoSet ELISA kit (DY206, R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. Dose-escalation experiment of terminally differentiated iPSC-Mac with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide To determine the sensitivity of the various iPSC-Mac to the endotoxin LPS, 2.5 × 104 cells per well were seeded in a 96-well tissue culture plate and terminally differentiated with X-VIVO medium, X-VIVO medium supplemented with 100 ng/mL human lipopolysaccharide-binding protein ((LBP); Acro biosystems) or RPMI + FBS medium for 3 days.

    Single Cell:

    Article Title: Removal of volatile organic compounds by chemical filters significantly inhibited the development of atopic dermatitis symptoms in mice: Potential implications for air-conditioning systems in healthcare environments.
    Article Snippet: .. Briefly, LN single-cell suspensions (5 × 105 cells/well) were incubated with Dynabeads Mouse T-Activator CD3/CD28 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Kanagawa, Japan) for 24 or 96 h. Subsequently, the levels of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17 in the supernatants were quantified using ELISA (DuoSet ELISA Kit, R&D Systems). ..

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Removal of volatile organic compounds by chemical filters significantly inhibited the development of atopic dermatitis symptoms in mice: Potential implications for air-conditioning systems in healthcare environments.
    Article Snippet: .. Briefly, LN single-cell suspensions (5 × 105 cells/well) were incubated with Dynabeads Mouse T-Activator CD3/CD28 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Kanagawa, Japan) for 24 or 96 h. Subsequently, the levels of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17 in the supernatants were quantified using ELISA (DuoSet ELISA Kit, R&D Systems). ..

    Clinical Proteomics:

    Article Title: Reduced plasma epidermal growth factor levels reflect poor glycaemic status in type 2 diabetes
    Article Snippet: The insulin levels were quantified using the Access Insulin Assay (Beckman Coulter, USA). .. EGF plasma levels were determined using the DuoSet ELISA kit (DY236, R&D Systems, UK). ..



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    Characterization <t>of</t> <t>IL-1α</t> overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, <t>ELISA</t> and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.
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    Image Search Results


    Characterization of IL-1α overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Redox Biology

    Article Title: C-terminal interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) overexpression drives EMT and a vulnerability to ferroptosis in HNSCC

    doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104172

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of IL-1α overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Cell culture media from IL-1α overexpressed Cal27 cells were collected for analyzing the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 or IL-1RA using Human Duo Set ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according to the manufacturer's protocols.

    Techniques: Over Expression, Construct, Gene Expression, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Control

    IL-1α overexpression alters expression of IL-1 pathway genes. Gene expression of IL1B (A), IL6 (B), IL8 (C), IL1RN (D), IL1RAP (E) and IL1R1 (F) in the three IL1A constructs – Full-Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in Cal27 IL-1αoverexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-PCR using GAPDH as an endogenous control. Protein secretion of IL-1β (G), IL-6 (H), IL-8 (I), and IL1RA (J) in cell culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA with protein concentrations normalized to cell numbers. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for IL-1R1 expression by Western blot using GAPDH as a loading control (K). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments.∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Redox Biology

    Article Title: C-terminal interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) overexpression drives EMT and a vulnerability to ferroptosis in HNSCC

    doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104172

    Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-1α overexpression alters expression of IL-1 pathway genes. Gene expression of IL1B (A), IL6 (B), IL8 (C), IL1RN (D), IL1RAP (E) and IL1R1 (F) in the three IL1A constructs – Full-Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in Cal27 IL-1αoverexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-PCR using GAPDH as an endogenous control. Protein secretion of IL-1β (G), IL-6 (H), IL-8 (I), and IL1RA (J) in cell culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA with protein concentrations normalized to cell numbers. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for IL-1R1 expression by Western blot using GAPDH as a loading control (K). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments.∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Cell culture media from IL-1α overexpressed Cal27 cells were collected for analyzing the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 or IL-1RA using Human Duo Set ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according to the manufacturer's protocols.

    Techniques: Over Expression, Expressing, Gene Expression, Construct, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

    VSE reduces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. C2C12 myotubes were pretreated with VSE at 0 (LPS only), 1.25, 2.5 and 5 µg/ml for 3 h and then co-treated with 500 ng/ml LPS for 24 h. Controls received no treatments. (A) mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. (B) Protein expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatant of C2C12 myotube cultures were analyzed using ELISA. All data are presented as the mean ± SD of triplicate results and statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. #### P<0.0001 vs. control; ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001 vs. LPS treatment. A450, absorbance at 450 nm; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; VSE, Veronicastrum sibiricum seed extract.

    Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

    Article Title: Veronicastrum sibiricum (L.) Pennell extract alleviates inflammation-induced muscle atrophy through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation and mitochondrial function restoration

    doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13857

    Figure Lengend Snippet: VSE reduces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. C2C12 myotubes were pretreated with VSE at 0 (LPS only), 1.25, 2.5 and 5 µg/ml for 3 h and then co-treated with 500 ng/ml LPS for 24 h. Controls received no treatments. (A) mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. (B) Protein expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatant of C2C12 myotube cultures were analyzed using ELISA. All data are presented as the mean ± SD of triplicate results and statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. #### P<0.0001 vs. control; ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001 vs. LPS treatment. A450, absorbance at 450 nm; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; VSE, Veronicastrum sibiricum seed extract.

    Article Snippet: Supernatants were acquired, and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α (cat. no. MTA00B; R&D systems, Inc.) and IL-1β was analyzed using ELISA kits (cat. no. DY401; R&D Systems, Inc.) according to the manufacturer's guidelines.

    Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

    ( a ) Cell viability was assessed with the MTT assay and data shown are means ± SD (n = 3). ( b ) TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8 expression in response to B[a]P exposure. ( c ) Representative Western blot images showing protein expression. All data were obtained from three independent experiments. Statistical p values were determined by a one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey post-hoc test comparing the B[a]P treatments to the DMSO control; * p < 0.05; ¥, p < 0.01; NS, no significance.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Cell viability was assessed with the MTT assay and data shown are means ± SD (n = 3). ( b ) TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8 expression in response to B[a]P exposure. ( c ) Representative Western blot images showing protein expression. All data were obtained from three independent experiments. Statistical p values were determined by a one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey post-hoc test comparing the B[a]P treatments to the DMSO control; * p < 0.05; ¥, p < 0.01; NS, no significance.

    Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

    Techniques: MTT Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Control

    Cells were treated with various concentrations of PM2.5 for 24 hr. ( a ) Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. ( b ) IL-6 and IL-8 from the basolateral sides. ( c ) Representative Western blot images showing CFTR, β2AR, phospho-AKT (Ser473), AKT, phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536), NF-κB p65, and TRPC6 expression. All data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing the B[a]P or PM 2.5 treatments to the DMSO control; *, p < 0.05; ¥, p < 0.01; NS, no significance.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Cells were treated with various concentrations of PM2.5 for 24 hr. ( a ) Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. ( b ) IL-6 and IL-8 from the basolateral sides. ( c ) Representative Western blot images showing CFTR, β2AR, phospho-AKT (Ser473), AKT, phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536), NF-κB p65, and TRPC6 expression. All data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing the B[a]P or PM 2.5 treatments to the DMSO control; *, p < 0.05; ¥, p < 0.01; NS, no significance.

    Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

    Techniques: MTT Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Control

    ( a ) IL-6 and IL-8 from the basolateral sides of the ALI were determined using the DuoSet® ELISA kits. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical p -values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing the all treatments to the DMSO control; ¥, p < 0.05; *, p < 0.01. ( b ) Representative Western blot images showing CFTR, phospho-AKT (Ser473), AKT, phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536), and NF-κB p65 expression in treated polarized 16HBE14o-cells in ( a ). All data were obtained from three independent experiments.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) IL-6 and IL-8 from the basolateral sides of the ALI were determined using the DuoSet® ELISA kits. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical p -values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing the all treatments to the DMSO control; ¥, p < 0.05; *, p < 0.01. ( b ) Representative Western blot images showing CFTR, phospho-AKT (Ser473), AKT, phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536), and NF-κB p65 expression in treated polarized 16HBE14o-cells in ( a ). All data were obtained from three independent experiments.

    Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

    Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Western Blot, Expressing

    ALI cells were treated with DMSO, 100 ng/mL PM 2.5, 10 µM LY 294002 ± PM 2.5, or 10 µM LY 303511 ± PM 2.5 for 24 hrs. ( a ) IL-6 and IL-8 from the basolateral sides were determined using the DuoSet® ELISA kits. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n=3). Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing all treatments to the DMSO control, or PM 2.5 to PM 2.5 ± LY 294002 or LY 303511; *, p < 0.01. ( b ) Representative Western blot images showing CFTR and β-actin expression. β-actin was used to ensure equal loading of protein. All data were obtained from three independent experiments, and each experiment was analyzed in duplication.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ALI cells were treated with DMSO, 100 ng/mL PM 2.5, 10 µM LY 294002 ± PM 2.5, or 10 µM LY 303511 ± PM 2.5 for 24 hrs. ( a ) IL-6 and IL-8 from the basolateral sides were determined using the DuoSet® ELISA kits. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n=3). Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing all treatments to the DMSO control, or PM 2.5 to PM 2.5 ± LY 294002 or LY 303511; *, p < 0.01. ( b ) Representative Western blot images showing CFTR and β-actin expression. β-actin was used to ensure equal loading of protein. All data were obtained from three independent experiments, and each experiment was analyzed in duplication.

    Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

    Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Western Blot, Expressing

    ( a ) The lung parenchyma from two ferrets were sliced into several sections as shown. Arrows indicate the tracheobronchial tubes. All tissue sections were incubating with DMSO (control), 10 µM B[a]P, or 100 ng/mL PM 2.5 in Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media for 24 hrs. ( b ) IL 6 secretion was determined using the ferret ELISA kit. Data represent the mean of 6 independent sections. Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing the B[a]P or PM 2.5 treatments to the DMSO control; ¥, p < 0.05 (n = 6). ( c ) Representative western blotting images show reduction of CFTR, and β2AR and elevation of TRPC6 expression in explants under these treatments.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) The lung parenchyma from two ferrets were sliced into several sections as shown. Arrows indicate the tracheobronchial tubes. All tissue sections were incubating with DMSO (control), 10 µM B[a]P, or 100 ng/mL PM 2.5 in Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media for 24 hrs. ( b ) IL 6 secretion was determined using the ferret ELISA kit. Data represent the mean of 6 independent sections. Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing the B[a]P or PM 2.5 treatments to the DMSO control; ¥, p < 0.05 (n = 6). ( c ) Representative western blotting images show reduction of CFTR, and β2AR and elevation of TRPC6 expression in explants under these treatments.

    Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

    Techniques: Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Expressing